{"id":9165,"date":"2019-02-05T16:40:54","date_gmt":"2019-02-05T22:40:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/liceaga.facmed.unam.mx\/revistas\/masalud\/?p=9165"},"modified":"2025-09-29T12:54:58","modified_gmt":"2025-09-29T18:54:58","slug":"como-se-forma-una-flema","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/massalud.facmed.unam.mx\/index.php\/como-se-forma-una-flema\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfC\u00f3mo se forma una flema?"},"content":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section fb_built=\u00bb1″ admin_label=\u00bbsection\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.16″ global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb2px|||||\u00bb][et_pb_row admin_label=\u00bbrow\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.22.1″ background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0″ global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding=\u00bb0px||||false|false\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0″][et_pb_column type=\u00bb4_4″ _builder_version=\u00bb4.16″ custom_padding=\u00bb|||\u00bb global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb custom_padding__hover=\u00bb|||\u00bb][et_pb_video src=\u00bbhttps:\/\/youtu.be\/BmxfqU1GX7w\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.22.1″ _module_preset=\u00bbdefault\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0″ sticky_enabled=\u00bb0″][\/et_pb_video][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00bbText\u00bb _builder_version=\u00bb4.22.1″ background_size=\u00bbinitial\u00bb background_position=\u00bbtop_left\u00bb background_repeat=\u00bbrepeat\u00bb hover_enabled=\u00bb0″ global_colors_info=\u00bb{}\u00bb sticky_enabled=\u00bb0″]\n\n\n

La principal funci\u00f3n de la v\u00eda respiratoria alta es \u201cpreparar\u201d el aire inspirado para que cuando llegue a la tr\u00e1quea, est\u00e9 a la misma temperatura del cuerpo y h\u00famedo. La nariz act\u00faa, adem\u00e1s, como un filtro que atrapa y elimina las part\u00edculas de gran tama\u00f1o.<\/p>\n\n\n

Las vibrisas nasales solo est\u00e1n en el vest\u00edbulo de la nariz, filtran y retienen part\u00edculas grandes (mayores de ~15\u00b5m de di\u00e1metro), adem\u00e1s, por la turbulencia y la superficie irregular de las v\u00edas respiratorias nasales, aumenta la probabilidad de que las part\u00edculas mayores de ~10\u00b5m de di\u00e1metro se queden impactadas en el moco que recubre la mucosa nasal, o si consiguen escapar de las v\u00edas superiores, impacten en el moco de la tr\u00e1quea y los bronquios.<\/p>\n\n\n

El interior de las v\u00edas respiratorias est\u00e1 resguardado por el sistema de limpieza mucociliar, <\/strong>conformado por los cilios en las superficies de las c\u00e9lulas de la v\u00eda a\u00e9rea y dos capas de l\u00edquido llamadas fase sol (l\u00edquido periciliar) que permite el desplazamiento libre de los cilios y de gel (capa de moco) que atrapa las part\u00edculas. \u00a1Cada c\u00e9lula epitelial contiene unos 250 cilios! Que en el microscopio parecen \u201cpelitos\u201d cortos que salen desde la superficie de la c\u00e9lula y cada uno mide 2 a 5 \u00b5m de longitud.<\/p>\n\n

El sistema de limpieza mucociliar protege la v\u00eda respiratoria baja atrapando y eliminando los virus y bacterias inhalados, as\u00ed como de las part\u00edculas, t\u00f3xicas o no como el polen, la ceniza, polvos minerales, esporas de hongos y mol\u00e9culas org\u00e1nicas.<\/p>\n\n

El material inhalado es capturado por el moco viscoel\u00e1stico, que est\u00e1 formado principalmente por agua (95-97%). \u00a1Los individuos sanos producen unos 100 ml diarios de moco!<\/p>\n\n

Los cilios baten con una oscilaci\u00f3n coordinada a unos mil golpes por minuto, con un potente golpe hacia adelante con el que las puntas llegan hacia la capa de moco viscoso y la arrastran junto con las part\u00edculas atrapadas y otro movimiento lento en el que los cilios se alejan del moco y se localizan por completo dentro de la capa sol.<\/p>\n\n

Los cilios de la nasofaringe y los cilios de la tr\u00e1quea barren en la direcci\u00f3n que empuja el moco hacia la faringe, donde es deglutido.<\/p>\n\n

La tos y el estornudo, se desencadenan por la irritaci\u00f3n de las v\u00edas respiratorias, aceleran el movimiento de las part\u00edculas donde el sistema mucociliar las expulsan al exterior o son deglutidas.<\/p>\n\n

Los sistemas defensivos del aparato respiratorio son tan eficaces que, para que se produzca la infecci\u00f3n, deben colaborar una serie de factores que ayude a los microroganismos a superar las defensas. De todos ellos, el m\u00e1s com\u00fan es el fr\u00edo: el fr\u00edo disminuye la resistencia general del organismo frente a las infecciones. As\u00ed mismo, disminuye la eficacia del sistema mucociliar, ya que produce un enlentecimiento del movimiento de los cilios y modifica las caracter\u00edsticas del moco haci\u00e9ndolo m\u00e1s espeso.<\/p>\n\n

Ayuda a los pelitos de tus v\u00edas respiratorias para no enfermarte. Usa bufanda para cubrir tu boca y nariz en la temporada invernal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Referencias<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Boron, W. F., & Boulpaep, E. L. (2017). Fisiolog\u00eda m\u00e9dica.<\/em>Barcelona: ElSevier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koeppen, B. M., & Stanton, B. A. (2009). BERNE y LEVY Fisiolog\u00eda.<\/em>Barcelona: Elsevier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ross, M. H., & Pawlina, W. (2015). Histolog\u00eda. Texto y atlas color con biolog\u00eda celular y molecular.<\/em>EE UU: Panamericana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vall\u00e9s, H. (2016). Otorrinolaringolog\u00eda.<\/em>Zaragoza: Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con informaci\u00f3n de MPSS Itzel Texta Palomeque, Facultad de Medicina UNAM<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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El sistema de limpieza mucociliar protege la v\u00eda respiratoria baja atrapando y eliminando los virus y bacterias inhalados, as\u00ed como de las part\u00edculas ajenas a nuestro cuerpo.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9166,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[12],"tags":[1477,1445,216,1097],"class_list":["post-9165","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-descubrir","tag-flema","tag-gripa","tag-moco","tag-sistema-respiratorio"],"acf":false,"yoast_head":"\n\u00bfC\u00f3mo se forma una flema? 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